2.1.1.2. Intransitive predicates: unergatives and unaccusatives

Intransitive predicates take only a single obligatory argument. Although this single argument is always the grammatical subject of a sentence, semantically, it can be a theme or an agent. Predicates with single arguments that are semantic themes are called unaccusative predicates and the sentences they form are called unaccusative sentences. fall is an unaccusative predicate.

 

                     table                           plate                             wrong                                fallCL(L):'fall'

‘A plate falls off a table accidentally.’

(Gökgöz in progress )

 

Some other unaccusative predicates in TÄ°D are:

disappear

break_down

burn

crack

die

feel_dizzy

leak

sink

not_feel_like_doing_sth

pile_up

 

We talk about weather predicates in [Syntax – 2.1.1.4.]. Most weather predicates do not take a subject but in order to sign ‘It snows’, one needs to express a subject and a predicate. Thus, this specific weather predicate is an intransitive unaccusative one.

 

white                                                   snow                                                             pour_down

‘It is snowing.’

 

When the single argument of an intransitive sentence has an agent theta role, the predicate of the sentence is called an unergative predicate and the sentence an unergative sentence. jump is an unergative predicate.

 

woman                  man                        play                                                             3+3jump

‘A woman and a man are playing and jumping.’

(Gökgöz in progress)

 

Some other unergative predicates are:

sign_comfortably

swim

run

flee

walk

practice

act_a_role

work

think