This section presents those phonological processes affecting the shape of the smallest phonological unit, the phoneme. In LIS, we find five classes of phonemes (also called phonological parameters): handshape, orientation, location, movement, and non-manual markers (PHONOLOGY 1). Each of them can be affected by phonological processes. Here we illustrate assimilation, coalescence, movement reduction and extension, weak hand drop, handshape drop, nativisation, and metathesis.